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The Biographies of Alderman William Brenchley, JP and Dr. Winifred Brenchley, OBE.

Amanda’s biographies of Alderman William Brenchley, JP and his daughter, the scientist, Dr. Winifred Brenchley, OBE, have  been included in John D Beasley’s, Peckham and Nunhead Biographical Dictionary, and Betty Brenchley Lawson’s forthcoming work on Brenchley family history. The biographies have also been deposited for research purposes at the following libraries and archives:

  • Southwark Local History Library, Borough High Street, London;
  • The Gilbert Library, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire;
  • The archives of Dulwich Hamlet Junior School, Dulwich, London;
  • The archives of James Allen’s Girls’ School, 144 East Dulwich Grove, London.

Extracts from the biographies:

Alderman William Brenchley J.P. (1858 – 1938)

William Brenchley was born on 5th June 1858 at 1 Hereford Place, in the registration district of Mile End Old Town, in London’s Docklands...

Though from a working class background, William was well educated, literate and trained as a school master.  In the 1881 Census he is recorded as a teacher, lodging with the Wilson family in Stoke Newington.  However, shortly after this he moved to Camberwell, where he was to remain for the rest of his life, to take the position of Class Master at Bellenden Road School.  He lived at 11 Gordon Road, Camberwell, and on 7th October 1882, William married Elizabeth Beckett... 

In 1891, William succeeded Mr J Tavener as Headmaster of the nearby Dulwich Hamlet School for boys, where he stayed until 1901.  William’s log book as Headmaster, which begins on August 24th 1891, is written in his own clear, fluent hand.  He describes his constant efforts to improve the school buildings, the curriculum and the pupils’ work, noting with pride the excellent comments on the standard of education from the inspectors of the School Board for London.  By 1894, the school curriculum covered geography, mechanics, French, algebra, English and science (physical, mechanical, botanical and physiological)...

William was also an important and pivotal member of the local community, the President of the East Lambeth National Union of Teachers, and keen to record on 2nd May 1904 that the London County Council had taken over the running of schools and education.   At about this time he was also a member of the committee which founded the Nunhead and Dulwich sub-libraries, and the Camberwell School of Arts and Crafts...

William’s career outside of education was eventful and illustrious, shaped by an aim to change the social inequalities of the day...

For this reason, and as a local resident in an area where the population was expanding rapidly, William Brenchley became aware of the need for a new cemetery.  Ordinary people at this time often could not afford expensive funerary costs and were unable to bury their dead in a dignified manner: all that was available to them were unmarked paupers’ graves.  William was Chairman of the Educational Endowments and Burial Committees, and also Chair of the Cemeteries Sub-Committee, and as such made the decision to establish the Camberwell New Cemetery at Honor Oak, which began at the top of One Tree Hill, and is still in use today...

The New Cemetery, a 61 acre site, was opened in 1927, and its chapel, the largest in London, designed by the architects Aston Webb and Sons, was completed in 1928.  It was an ambitious project, and a costly one, as the Camberwell Borough Council Minutes for Wednesday October 19th 1932 state that the total expenditure to date on the new cemetery was £98,880 13/- 6d; the amount spent in the borough on new housing over the same period was nil...

Alderman William and Camberwell Borough Council devised a more affordable system for local people by digging graves which could accommodate eight coffins, with space above for eight small headstones.  However, these early graves quickly filled with water once dug, as they were positioned at the top of the hill, which was covered in a thick layer of clay. It is said that mourners were often soaked by the splashing of coffins lowered into graves full of water.  Then, over time, according to local folklore, the occupants of these higher graves slid down the incline of the hill and were later discovered at the bottom of lower, freshly dug graves...  

Alderman William achieved his life’s ambition to complete fifty years of service in public life, and his death left a vacancy on the Council in what was then Alleyn (Dulwich) Ward.  The Camberwell and Peckham Times remarked that there would be ‘nobody to take his place,’ whilst The South London Press called him the ‘Father of Camberwell Council’.

In Alderman William’s honour, the road between the park and the cemetery was also named Brenchley Gardens.

© Amanda Thomas, 2003.


Dr. Winifred Brenchley, O.B.E. (1883 – 1953)

Dr. Winifred Elsie Brenchley was born 10 August 1883, in Camberwell, the daughter and only child of Alderman William Brenchley and Elizabeth Beckett.

Winifred attended the James Allen’s School in Dulwich, or JAGS, but in Form VI fell ill with scarlet fever and missed several months of school.  The illness left Winifred almost deaf in one ear and very frail, and whilst she could have moved to a school closer to their Datchet Place home, she was encouraged by her parents to walk to JAGS each day in order to strengthen her health.  Significantly, one of Winifred’s teachers at JAGS in the late 1890s was Dr Lilian Clarke, the well-known botanist.  She was in the process of establishing a new scientific department at the school and the now famous Botany Gardens.  During her time at JAGS, Winifred received at least one school prize, perhaps for botany, a leather bound copy of The Flowers of the Field by the Reverend C.A. Johns.

Winifred passed her matriculation examination and progressed to Swanley Horticultural College and then to University College London, where she studied under the eminent Professor Francis Wall (FW) Oliver, (Quain Professor of Botany, 1888 to 1929). In 1905 she gained a first class honours degree in Botany, and, it is thought, a gold medal.  As a result of this achievement, she was awarded a 12 month Gilchrist Research Studentship, which brought her to the Rothamsted Experimental Station in Harpenden, Hertfordshire…

However, Winifred easily broke through the traditional male barriers and was greatly respected in the scientific community.  She was admired for her close observation, faithful recording, intellectual honesty and loyalty, always ensuring that any credit for research should go to the right person, all of which greatly facilitated the employment of other women to senior posts…

Winifred was made a Fellow of University College London in 1914 and a Fellow of the Linnean Society and the Royal Entomological Society, as she was also interested in the study of insects, and when the New Laboratories at Rothamsted were opened on 20th October 1919, her work, Exhibit Number 9, was prominently and specifically included in the Programme…

Dr. Winifred Brenchley’s scientific work was pioneering and proved to be of great value during the war when urgent means were needed to increase crop yields to feed the British population.  She retired in 1948 and was presented with a leather bound handmade book containing the signatures of all her colleagues; this volume is held at the Rothamsted Archives.  After her retirement, Katherine Warington continued Winifred’s work, and the Botany Department was reorganised and combined with the Crop Physiology Section. In 1948 Winifred was awarded the OBE for her work at the Rothamsted Experimental Station, and was also made a Freeman of Camberwell, probably in 1950...

Dr Winifred Brenchley died on 27 October 1953 and her memorial service on 30th October at St Nicholas Church, Harpenden was well attended. She was cremated and her ashes scattered on the grave of her father and mother at the Camberwell New Cemetery.  Her name is not recorded there, but rather lives on at Rothamsted, where her work has paved the way for further scientific study, and is contained in several books and the bound copies of some 52 research papers.

© Amanda Thomas, 2003